What Is Unified Payment Interface (UPI) & How It Works ?
UPI Stands For Unified Payment Interface Is An Immediaet Real-Time Payment System Developed By The National Payments Corporation Of India (NCPI).
It Allows Users Of UPI To Create Virtual Addresses Which Look Like Email Addresses. (E.G SANKARCN@SBI).
All The Virtual Addresses And Their Associated Real Addresses Are Stored In A Central Repository Of UPI.
The Banks Can Use This Addresses Translation To Resolve Virtual Addresses For Fund Transfers.
How UPI Works ?
To Process A UPI Transaction, The Following Entities Are Involved :
1:- Payer App/PSP:
PSP Stands For Payment Service Provider.
Payer PSPs Are Apps That Allow Customers To Initiate/Complete Transaction. For Example :- GPay,Phonepe, Paytm, Freecharge Etc.
NPCI Takes Care Of The Apps Certification And As Of Now There Are 20+ Third Party Apps Certified By NPCI For Issuing UPI Handles.
However, All These UPI Apps Need A Sponser Bank To Start Onboarding Users.
2:- National Payments Corporation Of India (NPCI). NPCI Is A Non-Profit Org Set Up By RBI (Reserve Bank Of India) And Funded By Different Major Banks. It Acts As A Trusted Switch To Connect Banks And Payments Services Providers (PSPs).
Similer To the Role Played By VISA In Case Of Card Payments, NPCI (National Payments Corporation Of India) Makes Sure That Data Flow Between Banks And Payment Apps Are Routed To The Correct And Verified Destinations.
3:- Issuing Bank (Sender's Bank)
In Case Of UPI Payment The Money Is Transferred From The Issuing/Sender's Bank Account To The Acquiring (Merchant/Receiver's) Bank Account.
Issuing Bank Has To Debit Money On NPCI's Request And Send A Debit Response To NPCI (National Payments Corporation Of India) Once The Debit Is Successfully Done.
4:- Acquiring Bank (Receiver's Bank)
The Acquiring (Receiver) Bank's Job Is To Credit Money On NPCI's Request And Send A Credit Response To NPCI (National Payments Corporation Of India) The Credit Is Successfully Done.
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